Resuscitation

Resuscitation on paper and through a website is actually not something you can learn well.
But if you do end up on this website after a search, I can try to explain it a little bit.
A victim's circulation, or bloodstream, can come to a standstill.
Without circulation, your organs will not get enough oxygen and you will eventually die.
The nervous system such as the brain also needs oxygen to function.
That's why resuscitation within 6 minutes is really crucial.
During resuscitation you try to get blood circulation going again.
Step 1:
To begin, always consider your own safety first.
A dangerous situation may have occurred that caused the victim to lose circulation.
It doesn't get any less if you then also find yourself in a dangerous situation.
If you could be in danger yourself, you first take care of safety or leave it to emergency services.
Think of electrocution hazards, smoke clouds or possibly a killer.
If you can, try to approach a victim on the side the victim's head is turned.
So where the victim is looking.
Step 2:
Check whether the victim is breathing through your ear near the victim's abdomen
and/or place your hands between the victim's abdomen and back.
With movement there is breathing and if the victim shows no reaction we speak
about an unconscious victim. Then check for breathing at least every 10 seconds.
Heart rate is not checked by first aiders.
(This step may be skipped if you are called because the caller has already performed it.)
Step 3:
Look for people nearby who can call 1-1-2 (911 USA / 999 UK) and retrieve an AED and shout:
"Call 1-1-2 (911 USA / 999 UK) and get an AED immediately."
Otherwise, call 1-1-2 (911 USA / 999 UK) yourself or use the 112NL app and
only grab an AED yourself when it is within reach.
Also do this when the victim is unconscious.
An unconscious victim can transition to a victim without breathing.
(This step may be skipped if you are called because the caller has already performed it.)
Step 4 in case of no breathing:
To perform resuscitation you need a hard surface.
If the victim is on a bed you can try to pull the victim off the bed
using the rautek grip or by getting movement toward the ground at the feet.
Always be careful not to bang the victim's head and neck on the ground.
If you are with several people you can spread the weight.
Expose the upper body in advance.
For an adult begin chest compressions.
For a child, start rescue breathing.
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Adult from about 14 years of age:
Press 30 times and 5cm to 7cm deep on the center toward one breast
at a rhythm of about 100 to 120 beats per minute.
Whenever possible, do this with the heel of your hand. For a fuller figure it may be slightly deeper.
The rhythm is a little less than 2 beats per second.
Next, pinch the victim's nose shut and push the victim's chin
slightly up using the chinlift method and blow 2 short breaths into the victim.
Then repeat chest compressions until paramedics arrive or when there is obvious
heart rhythm.
You can alternate this when you are with several people.
the rhythm of Staying Alive by the Bee Gees is often used, which also has 100 to 120 beats per minute.
Child approximately 1 to 14 years of age:
Start with 5 rescue breaths.
After this, call 1-1-2 (911 USA / 999 UK) if you are alone.
Depending on the posture, press with the heel of your hand
15 times and 2cm to 3cm deep on the center toward a victim's chest.
Then do 2 breaths and repeat with chest compressions.
Child up to about 1 year of age:
Start with 5 rescue breaths.
For an infant, do the resuscitation over the victim's mouth and nose.
After this, call 1-1-2 (911 USA / 999 UK) if you are alone.
Do not press with the heel of your hand but with the tips of your 2 thumbs together
on the victim's chest.
Then do 2 rescue breaths and repeat with chest compressions.

According to the new guidelines, it is no longer mandatory to start with 5 rescue breaths
if the child suddenly becomes unconscious in your presence.
Then you may immediately start calling 1-1-2 (911 USA / 999 UK).
Actually, hands-on instruction on CPR dolls is best.
It is not easy to explain how to do chest compressions this way.
During practical lessons you also learn how to do the chin lift and
how to stick the electrodes of an AED.
There is an option in almost every municipality in the Netherlands
to take a CPR course with prices varying from free to €65 per person.
If you have extensive coverage on your health insurance,
you can sometimes partially or fully reimburse first aid lessons and resuscitation courses.
This depends on each health insurer.

Resuscitation does not always succeed because it depends on each person.
Therefore, success rates of resuscitation cannot be interpreted personally.
If a person has already fallen to the ground, the person
may already have sustained damage in the process.
Also, it is not always possible to get to the victim within 6 minutes.
For example, sometimes the caller does not open the door in time.
It depends per victim whether the victim makes it or not.
A person may have sudden cardiac death.

It also depends on the victim's lifestyle.
If the victim has been smoking, the lungs are less able to absorb oxygen.
The success rate of CPR is then a lot lower by default.
About 8.67 million people worldwide die from smoking each year.
Of all lung cancers, smoking is 80%-90% the cause.
People who smoke cost society less money because they die sooner.
Obesity kills about 3.71 million people annually.
The success rate of resuscitation depends on the severity of the organ damage
that obesity has already inflicted.
Both smoking and obesity affect your body after quitting smoking
and a healthy diet have a healing effect and you can heal completely.
With smoking, this takes the longest because lungs do not recover as quickly.
E-cigarettes and passive smoking are also harmful.
The lungs then also get damaged.
When your child grows up in a smoking environment, the success rate of resuscitation is
lower than when it grows up in a smoke-free environment.
Similarly, if you are often in a smoking environment, the success rate
of CPR is lower.
The lungs already get damaged when you get near someone who is smoking.

There is currently a campaign by the Heart Foundation to recognize cardiac arrest, stroke
and heart attack.

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